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topo30.doc
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1989-03-24
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topo30.doc
Topography for the U.S. - These 30-second grid average elevation
values were compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey, the National
Geodetic Survey, the Defense Mapping Agency, and the National
Geophysical Data Center.
The original Digital Terrain Data Base (3-second point data) was
compiled by the Defense Mapping Agency. The data were generated
by digitizing 1-deg. x 2-deg. (1:250,000) scale maps. This was
done by selecting every 10th point in the 3-second Digital
Terrain Data. The Defense Mapping Agency selected every 10th
point from the Digital Terrain Data Base to create the 30-second
point data set. These data were rounded to the nearest 20 feet
for every 30 seconds of latitude and longitude (approximately
2700 ft. on the surface of the Earth). A copy of the data was
then transferred to the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), who
reformatted and corrected the data, rounding to the nearest 10
meters. NGS sent a copy of the 30-second data to the USGS, who
averaged the data by using the four corners of each cell.
To complement the 30-second land data, coastal and waterway
bathymetry were developed by the National Geophysical Data Center
from data archived by the National Ocean Survey (NOS). Trackline
data were averaged into 15-second cells and then averaged into
30-second cells. In the process of averaging these data a code
was used to determine how many 15-second cells were used to
develop the 30-second values (and this code is part of the
archive record).
One of the problems with the 30-second land data is that much of
the offshore data were coded with a no data value of "1" which
represents a valid land elevation. This created many problems in
representing coastlines accurately, especially in regions such as
southern Florida and the Mississippi Delta. To solve this
problem we decided to merge the NOS bathymetry data with the land
data. This was done by first developing a mask to delete the
offshore data from the land data set, and then adding the coastal
bathymetry data. The techniques used were judged to be suitable
for displaying the data; however, caution is recommended for
those doing detail coastal studies.
Included in the coastal data are some inland waterways. Some of
these regions are on datum that are other than sea level. For
examples:
Lake Superior..................600 feet
Lake Michigan..................577 feet
Lake Huron.....................577 feet
Lake St. Clare.................572 feet
Lake Erie......................569 feet
Lake Ontario...................243 feet
The above values represent 1955 datum. As the datum changes with
time and the surveys used in the averages represented values
collected over a long time, these datum values should be
considered as an approximation whose accuracy is less than 2
feet.